Bharat
was first art critic to define rasa us. He must have had in mined Natyasastra
and drama when he defined art emotion. He said that rasa is achieved as a result
of the functioning of the:
1)
Vibhavas
the objective condition causing an emotion,
2)
The
anubhavas bodily gestures by which the emotion is
expressed.
3)
Vyabhichari
bhavas- secondly emotion and sensations which feed the dominant
emotion.
4) Vibhavas
include person as well the circumstances that cause or excite the
emotion.
What
the ancients thought about the name and nature of poetry may be had from the
Riks of the Vedas and the of the Upanishads. The Vedic texts declared that the
poets were ‘gods’ Kavi was the term they employed. While invoking the foremost
of the Gods Ganpati they addressed him as poet’s poet. A human being could
become a poet only in so for as he attained to the nature a sates of a
god.
The
vedic kavi was also a Yogi in the sense that he was absolutely conscious of the
process of creation .Apart from the normal consciousll’jagrat’ (the waking
states) the Upanishads spoke of subtler states such as swapana (the dream
states) susupti (deep sleep) and turiya (the transcendental states) not to
mention infraconscious levels. The Upanishadic seer poet could withdraw,
ingather or collect, contain and concentrate his consciousness and come out to
express his vision and experious. His mental and other instrumental faculties
could receive the inspiration in a state of wise passiveness and transcribe it
without distortion. He could thus give us the vision and he knew the way to get
back to the source and transcript.
Bharat
gives us eight kinds of sentiments,
(1) Erotic
(2) Comic
(3) Pathetic
(4) Furious
(5) Heroic
(6) Terrible
(7)
Odious
(8)
Marvelous
These
Eight are sentiments named by Brahman.
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